Feline Vaccination Guidelines

The following provides a synopsis of the current vaccines available and when and to which cats they should be administered.

Feline panleukopenia: Feline panleukopenia (also known as feline distemper) is caused by the feline parvovirus. This virus can remain contagious in cages, litter boxes, and bowls for months to years. Cats are infected with this virus after ingesting the virus orally, usually from where another cat has defecated. Vaccination is highly recommended for all cats at 12 weeks of age followed by a booster in 2-4 weeks (3-4 weeks is ideal), then again in one year, then no more frequently then every three years.

Feline viral rhinotracheitis and feline calicivirus: Most infectious upper respiratory disease in cats is caused by either feline herpesvirus (the cause of viral rhinotracheitis) or by the calicivirus. These viruses are transmitted from cat to cat through nose-to-nose contact or by fomites (objects such as water or food bowls). Although most cats recover from the infection on their own, similar to humans with the common cold, there are some cats that can develop a chronic form of the disease. These cats can have periods where they appear healthy, but during times of stress will develop the sneezing and runny nose and eyes associated with this virus. Persistently infected cats will also shed the virus for months to year, and therefore can act as a source of infection for other cats.  It is recommended that all cats be vaccinated against these viruses, usually at 12 weeks of age with the injectable form. A booster should be given in 2-4 weeks (3-4 weeks is ideal) then again in one year, then every three years.

Rabies: Rabies is mainly transmitted through the bite wounds of infected mammals. Although rare in rodents such as mice and voles, there can be large populations of infected bats and skunks and other animals depending on the geographic location. Although cats are relatively resistant to rabies, they can be potential source of infection for humans and there is no treatment available. Vaccination for indoor and outdoor cats is recommended due to the potential for exposure from a bat or other animal that has entered the house.

Feline Leukemia Virus Infection: The feline leukemia virus can infect cats by saliva or nasal discharge, biting, or sharing food and water dishes. Unlike other viruses, the feline leukemia virus can also be transmitted from a mother cat to her kittens while they are still in the uterus or in the milk while they are nursing. This virus attacks the immune system and clinical signs are most often anemia, secondary respiratory infections, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, cancer, and even death. Kittens under 16 weeks of age and cats living in households or catteries with infected cats are the most susceptible to this virus. Vaccination against feline leukemia is recommended for cats at risk of exposure (those who go outdoors or are living with an infected or potentially infective cat). Cats should be tested for feline leukemia infection before initial vaccination and can be tested as early as 6 weeks.  It is recommended that cats receive the first vaccination at 8-12 weeks, a booster in 2-4 weeks (3-4 weeks is ideal), and a booster once a year thereafter.